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| Oil and Gas Engineers Knowledge Platform - Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Info Portal |
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Asia Inspection Community
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 Posted on Mon Apr 30, 2007 7:17 pm by administrators |
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NDT Related Educational Info and Related Sites
Nondestructive Testing
Nondestructive testing is a career field that is relatively obscure in the minds of the general public. The name seems totally self-explanatory, but most NDT professionals can relate to the experience of trying to explain what nondestructive testing means to family members, friends and acquaintances. Most students when considering career options are completely unaware that NDT is a very exciting and rewarding career field.
NDT on Wikipedia
Nondestructive testing (NDT), also called nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and nondestructive inspection (NDI), is testing that does not destroy the test object. NDE is vital for constructing and maintaining all types of components and structures. To detect different defects such as cracking and corrosion, there are different methods of testing available, such as X-ray (where cracks show up on the film) and ultrasound (where cracks show up as an echo blip on the screen)
Introduction to NDT Technologies
An Introduction to Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging
Ultrasonic thickness gaging is a widely used nondestructive test technique for measuring the thickness of a material from one side. Just about anything made out of metal, plastic, composite, ceramic, glass, fiberglass, or rubber can be measured with easy-to-use, hand-held instruments.
# An Introduction to Ultrasonic Flaw Detection
# An Introduction to Ultrasonic Phased Array Technology
Introduction to Radiographic Testing
A section from the NDT Resource Center website, based at Iowa State University. This section provides a detailed introduction to radiography as used in nondestructive testing. Topics include: history and future direction, the physics of radiography, equipment and materials, techniques and calibrations, and advanced techniques (including computed tomography and XRSIM - X-ray Inspection Simulation).
Ultrasonic Testing
This website is provided by the NDT Resource Center. An illustrated tutorial outlining ultrasonic testing is available which includes information on the basic principles, the physics of ultrasound, equipment, techniques and calibration, and also detailed example applications such as rail inspection.
Other NDT Related Resources/Sites:
Scirus
is the most comprehensive science-specific search engine on the Internet. Driven by the latest search engine technology, Scirus searches over 300 million science-specific Web pages, enabling you to quickly:
#Pinpoint scientific, scholarly, technical and medical data on the Web.
#Find the latest reports, peer-reviewed articles, patents, pre prints and journals that other search engines miss.
#Offer unique functionalities designed for scientists and researchers.
#Internet Resources for Nondestructive Testing
#Modern Metal Fatigue Analysis : Calculation of crack propagation and critical crack size.
#Exploring Materials Engineering
#Design to Prevent Fatigue Written by Stephen Endersby February 2006
Under Pressure, Vanadium Won't Turn Down the Volume (March 7, 2007)
Scientists using the Advanced Photon Source have discovered a new change in the form of vanadium, a metal that is extremely important in the industrial world as an additive that makes steel exceptionally strong, resistant to metal fatigue, and ideal for applications such as jet turbine blades that can withstand high speed and abrasion.
# Information & Know-How : JoinIT Technical Information
Titanium for offshore and marine applications 100% Brings together key elements of widely dispersed data into a single reference source on best practice
The NDT Movie
*Feel Free To Add Your Notes!*
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| Posted on Fri Apr 13, 2007 12:03 pm by rezahuzainie |
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Just sharing...
Introduction
A high potential near miss occurred on a crane vessel working for a Total Group E&P affiliate.
Description
A dynamically positioned heavy lift crane vessel was installing a platform offshore West Africa.
The platform jacket (weight 1555 T) was being lifted off a transportation heavy lift vessel (HLV). After lifting (picture above) the jacket started to swing and a mooring line between the crane vessel and jacket snapped. As soon as the HLV was towed clear the jacket was lowered partially into the sea to stop it swinging and to increase the clearance of the crane boom from the jacket.
During replacement of the mooring line the jacket continued to display movement and the crane slewed sternwards some 5°. The new line (diameter 100mm) also parted and the jacket and crane boom made an uncontrolled slewing from the starboard to port side of the crane vessel.
The crane vessel had been ballasted for lifting on the starboard side and despite quick reballasting she developed a list of nearly 11°. Seawater reached the vessel deck. The jacket was lowered promptly all the way to the seabed. With the load off the crane the barge regained an acceptable heel. The potential for equipment to slide on the angled deck and / or damage or loss of the crane had existed. There were 200 people onboard the crane vessel.
Immediate Causes
Jacket Movement
The first movement of the jacket after lifting was caused by a combination of the relative movements of the two vessels and the crane block not being plumb above the jacket centre of gravity. There was evidence of contact between the crane boom and the jacket. The crane made a relatively small uncontrolled slewing motion sternwards at this time too.
Mooring Line Failures
As confirmed by the post event analysis, the main reason for the failure of the line was the improper location of the winch that allowed high impact loads on the short line. Furthermore the routing of the mooring lines was not adequate (lines were attached to bollards, capstans, routed with sharp bends due to congestion of equipment on deck
).
Uncontrolled Crane Slew
External forces applied to the jacket when lifted were mainly due to wave induced motions. When partially submerged other external forces also applied to the jacket due to wave and current actions and induced water flow of the crane vessel stern DP thrusters. The combined effect of the above and the failure of the tugger line increased the tendency for the jacket to move sternwards. Inspection of the crane braking system after the event showed evidence of overheating. It is likely that the external forces acting on the jacket were sufficient to overcome the ability of the crane brakes to hold the crane and jacket in position.
Fundamental Causes
The lifting was performed in sea states above the established limits. The fundamental causes relate to failure to adequately consider the following factors:
Effect of wave induced motions (first cause of crane slew) were not enough emphasized.
The crane torque capacity was not considered as a limiting factor.
The importance of the mooring line was not stressed.
Maximum dynamic peaks in mooring lines and crane slew brake were not considered thoroughly and constant tension model was not correct for the short mooring line.
The layout of equipment on deck was congested making routing mooring lines difficult.
Vessel natural periods at each step of operations were not emphasized.
Vessel ballasting was not optimized to keep the vessel attitude towards the lifted load.
Recommendations
The following actions were identified to prevent recurrence:
Crane Vessel Upgrading
Upgrade the crane brake slew system.
Upgrade ballast system to increase water transfer capability.
Re arrangement of deck winches to control more effectively lifted weight.
Engineering and Procedures
For lifting near maximum crane capacity or in particularly critical situations, detailed engineering shall be issued enough in advance to allow proper review by senior specialists of assumptions made when performing analyses and modeling. Main assumptions and proposed sequences of operations shall also be reviewed at this stage with the vessel master and superintendent.
They shall include the following mandatory issues:
Dynamic lift analysis taking into account all environmental factors (vessels relative motions and mooring, partial submersion of structure, water flow from thruster on submerged structure, etc
) in all phases with indications of maximum motions and accelerations and maximum loads on the crane, mooring and tuggers lines.
Ballast calculations with vessel attitude towards the lifted load at each step of operations.
Stability calculations at all stages of the operations including loss of crane load, uncontrolled slewing of the crane and effect on vessel stability.
Detailed vessel deck lay out.
Detailed plans for tuggers and mooring lines that shall be selected with effective stretching capability according to the lengths/stiffness required.
Minimum boom clearance.
Operations
Prior to operations a coordination meeting shall be held between all interested parties to ensure that the operations will be performed as per approved engineering and procedures.
The following points shall be particularly checked :
Ensure wave rider buoy is fully functional and calibrated to monitor wave height accurately.
Ensure vessel MRU is fully functional and calibrated to measure accurately vessel and crane boom tip accelerations and motions.
Check wave height and vessel motions are within design assumptions.
Function test tuggers and mooring lines before lifts.
Optimize equipment storage on deck to avoid complex routing of mooring lines.
Minimize the deck load.
Ensure vessel draft and ballasting configuration is as per stability calculations.
Take into account water flow from thrusters on submerged structures.
Ensure equipment remaining on deck is securely fastened down during such operations.
Ensure that free surface effects are minimized.
All deck openings and watertight doors to be closed prior to operations.
In conclusion, thorough preparation of heavy lifts is essential. Time must be given for review and comments to be made, which must be considered. A reminder that the Procedure of Handling and Lifting contains all the essential elements for safe lifting operations: lift assessments, competency and training, appointment of a Competent Person Lifting Operations (CPLO).
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| Posted on Sat Apr 07, 2007 1:43 am by administrators |
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Just for info, especially for newcomers/those interested to be in the oil and gas industries (going offshore)  ,
 About SMTC:
was established in 1988 with the primary objective to provide high quality, fit-for-purpose and cost effective safety training to the petroleum and maritime industries in Asia. This service is being aggressively introduced at worldwide locations.
Other Related Info:
SMTC offers the following competence based courses;
- Emergency Response Training
- Training & Assessment Onboard Marine Vessels and Offshore Installations
- Safety Skill Training
- Safety Management Training
- 3 Day Combined Sea Survival and Offshore Safety Procedures, Helicopter Underwater Escape Training and Basic Fire Fighting/Self Rescue Course
etc..
 For more information, do check it out, here:
Sribima Maritime Training Centre
Direct URL: Yearly Course Calendar
Cheers!
Updated 14/4/2007: Safety Related Websites
CONSIST
TSTC
Apex Point Sdn. Bhd.
NIOSH
Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan
PLCGroup
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